Visual aids and circuit diagrams are used throughout to enhance understanding and provide a clear visual representation of the problem-solving process. Ideal for students, educators, and professionals ...

The 4-20 mA transmitters used in industrial current-control loops can be implemented as powered current sources, remote non-powered current sinks, or with several other I/O combinations. A useful ...

Current conveyor (CC) circuits are among the most common current-mode circuits and are used as critical building blocks in a variety of complex circuits. Unlike voltage-mode circuits, current-mode ...

CMOS current reference circuits play a critical role in modern integrated circuits by providing a stable and reproducible current source that remains unaffected by variations in supply voltage, ...

If you got your start in electronics sometime after 1980 your first project might well have been to light up an LED. Microcontroller projects often light up an LED, too, and a blinking LED is ...

Last time we looked at Spice models of a current sink. We didn’t look at some of the problems involved with a simple sink, and for many practical applications, they are perfectly adequate. However, ...

H-bridge buck-boost ICs are widely used in applications requiring a constant voltage or current source even when the system ...

Demand for voltage-controlled current sources (VCCSs) and multipliers in a wide spectrum of electronics and communication devices always seems to exist. The multipliers employed in circuits like the ...

Designers can make useful products that include electrical components close electrical componentA device in an electric circuit, such as a battery, switch or lamp.. They allow a product to have lights ...