Carol M. Kopp edits features on a wide range of subjects for Investopedia, including investing, personal finance, retirement planning, taxes, business management, and career development. Betsy began ...

Abstract: Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, ripples) are a universal phenomenon and can be generated on almost any material upon irradiation with linearly polarized radiation. With the ...

Artificial intelligence is increasingly used to integrate and analyze multiple types of data formats, such as text, images, ...

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